BLACK TUESDAY (Hugo Fregonese, 1954, USA)

 

Vincent Canelli is a sadistic killer who may not ride the lightening but instead ingests fatal amounts of hot lead, his just desserts. Hugo Fregonese directs this violent B movie melodrama like thin wild mercury, as condemned inmates escape from one death house and into another. DP Stanley Cortez’s exceptional work utilizes deep focus and some compound compositions that allow perfect focus as characters speak and react in frame without cutting to close up. Cortez combines an almost documentary, gritty feel with stylized noir bleakness and shadow to great effect. It’s complimentary to the mundane brutality of the narrative!

Canelli (Edward G. Robinson) is without remorse of conscience, a cruel death row convict without an ounce of kindness. Manning (Peter Graves) is another man awaiting his own fate on this Black Tuesday, condemned to death for killing a cop during $200,00 robbery, money which has never been recovered. When Canelli devises a plan to breakout of the cell block with the help of his moll Hatti (Jean Parker), he's going to bring Manning along for the payout! But there is no honor among thieves. Or killers.

The opening scene is brilliantly composed as Director Hugo Fregonese eschews an immediate credit sequence and instead depicts an ominous wall of iron bars and the lonely, echoing footsteps of the prison guard making his rounds. Another inmate takes up the rhythm and his mournful dirge sets the tone for the film. Then, when he cuts to a medium close-up of Canelli, we are introduced to a scouring, pugnacious criminal who paces like a caged beast. Brilliant! Edward G. Robinson plays a man without moral compass, a toxic narcissist who kills anyone who doesn’t serve his purpose. The story never tries to redeem Canelli, in fact it denounces him by displaying his violent actions in detail. Though Manning isn’t a knowing part of the escape plan, once he’s along for the ride he kills cops indiscriminately to save himself. However, his absolution comes with the eventual murder of his criminal compatriot and his suicide by cop. Though the escape seems far-fetched and improbable, the story rockets along toward its gunpowder climax. Good people die. Bad people die. And god sorts them out.

Final Grade: (B)

SHIELD FOR MURDER (Edmond O’Brien, Howard W. Koch, 1954, USA)

 

Detective Barney Nolan is tired of navigating city streets paved with the scum and detritus of the human animal, so he becomes the Rule of Law in his own concrete jungle. The runaway American Dream remains just out of reach but a $25,000 tax-free windfall ($258,000 in 2024 dollars!) is worth the life of one piece of trash conman. Unfortunately for Barney Nolan, the debt is paid with compound interest in blood and lead! 

Edmond O’Brien as Police Lt. Nolan also co-directs this morality tale of police corruption, portraying a 16-year vet at the end of his tether, a cop sick and tired of being sick and tired by a world gone bad. O’Brien fuels his character with self-righteous outrage and explosive anger yet imbues Nolan with a modicum of humanity and kindness, depicting the stolid and dependable man he once was. It’s a great performance that leads one to hope for his redemption even as he makes more fatal mistakes, so when he faces his final justice the sense of loss is profound. Yet so is the sense of his rightly earned poetic justice, a trigger-happy cop showered in a hail of police machine gun fire on the doorstep to his dream home. Sgt. Brewster (John Agar) is a younger version of his mentor, a man not yet tarnished and worn down, who looks to Nolan as a father-figure. The story’s climax doesn’t give us Brewster’s judgment, this act falls to the entire Five-O! Nolan’s paramour Patty (Marla English) ain’t no femme fatale, she’s an honest hard-working American girl caught in this violent nexus. We also get Nolan’s drunken pickup at a local bar in the lovely shape of a blonde and smoking hot Carolyn Jones, and when she’s on screen you can’t take your eyes off of her! Wow. But this is a false lead too, as only Nolan is to blame for his own downfall. 

DP Gordon Avil’s work here is reflective of the classic noir tropes. He begins the film with a wonderful low angle tracking shot as we see Edmond O’Brien walking down a deserted city street. His identity and mission not yet revealed, he sees a payout and stalks the man until he pushes him into a dingy alleyway. The man calls him by name and when O’Brien pulls out a revolver with a silencer, shoots the stranger point blank and takes the bundle. Nolan then raises the gun in the air and yells, “Stop! Police!” before firing two rounds. The cold-blooded murderer is a cop!  It’s a great setup. There’s another frantic shootout at a high school gym and another brutal pistol whipping that Avil composes and frames to perfection, utilizing sweaty closeups and tracking shots. 

I’m left to wonder how Nolan thought he would get away with his plan. He murders the courier in a grimy alley but must have considered the possibility of a witness. Which there is, and he kills this disabled gentleman. How’s that for sympathy? Could he have picked a more isolated spot? And he shoots the guy point blank, but his story is the criminal was running away from him, and a bullet went astray. Into his heart. Wasn’t he concerned about the forensics? And even if the shooting is deemed justified, the bad guys are going to come looking for the cash. Then Nolan plans to buy his dream house for he and his girl, but this seems foolish. How does he explain this to the IRS or even his police cohorts? The answer of course is that he hasn’t thought it through and acted on impulse, and he pays the ultimate price. Lt. Nolan is much like Police Capt. Hank Quinlan who hides behind their badges of evil, and convince themselves that they only hurt bad guys, so what’s the harm? But all good people suffer the consequences of Authoritarian rule. 

Final Grade: (B) 

THE MALTESE FALCON (Roy Del Ruth, 1931)

 

Private Dick Sam Spade would sell his own mother for a few bucks so it’s no surprise he trades his soul for a “golden goose”, which goes over like a lead falcon. Roy Del Ruth’s competent and enjoyable Pre-Code adaptation of Hammett's novel is forever overshadowed by John Huston’s legendary version, and Ricardo Cortez’s portrayal of the amoral Detective tarnished by Bogart’s classic depiction against which all others are now measured. 

I won’t suffer the tumultuous plot mechanics of “who murdered who” and why, I’ll just point out some rather enjoyable Pre-Code details that make this worth your time. To begin with, the film opens with a panorama of San Francisco and cuts to a silhouette of a kissing couple and a pair of female legs, skirt hiked up, adjusting her stockings as a woman leaves Spade’s office. We get a cute-as-a-button Una Merkel as Spade’s secretary Effie who, for some reason, is smitten with her womanizing and amoral employer. Spade is sleeping with his partner’s wife and, when Archer is gunned down in a filthy alley, is happy to have Archer’s name removed from their office door as quickly as possible! Ricardo Cortez as Sam Spade is much different than later representations and quite possibly more akin to Hammett’s vision. Cortez plays him as a grinning Grifter, a man who loves money more than mercy, a two-timing cheater whose only concern is himself. And he’s proud of it. His ethical toxicity isn’t shrouded in a world-weary cynicism or latent trauma, he’s just a smirking asshole that manipulates people for profit. Cortez plays him so well that even though you don’t trust or respect him, you still find the character interesting. Thelma Todd as Iva Archer his recently widowed squeeze and Bebe Daniels as his mysterious client Ruth Wonderly are both wonderful in their parts, both selfish and scheming which fits the story’s moral pattern quite well. The only innocent is Effie, yet in this Pre-Code affair it’s insinuated that she’s sleeping with the Boss (out of Wedlock, mind you). We get Ms. Wonderly naked in Spade’s bathtub and later she is forced to strip in his kitchen! So much for integrity. This version depicts the homosexual relationship between Casper Gutman (Dudley Digges) and Wilmer Cook (Dwight Frye) as a little more than subtext, as Gutman is emotionally burdened about turning his cohort in as a Fall Guy. I just wish Dwight Frye had a larger part; he’s one of my favorite supporting actors of the era! Interesting to note that all four murders are elided, and we are only privilege to the cunning consequences. Which leads to the film’s major weakness: the dialogue is slowly paced and enunciated which alters the tempo of the entire film. Sound recording and design in 1931 was still in its infancy (or Terrible Twos, I suppose) and here it becomes nearly insufferable. Each sentence is articulated then seconds pass before a response as if to make sure the microphone recorded the dialogue. This could have been minimized with a subtle score that dramatized these breaks, or with physical acting that could fill these voids. Alas, this is a typical early sound film, and the actors are stuck with rigid blocking. 

Even the coda reveals what a narcissistic sociopath Sam Spade is and will always be. Interestingly, Roy Del Ruth shoots him in medium shot gripping the prison bars like he’s the one incarcerated which could be a visual clue that Spade is as trapped in his psychosis as Ruth Wonderly is by her unanimous verdict. Despite the flaws, this is an enjoyable film that is best considered on its own and not in comparison to later versions. 

Final Grade: (C+)

VOICE WITHOUT A SHADOW (Seijun Suzuki, 1958, Japan)

 

Asako is haunted by an ethereal, disembodied voice of a murderer, a ghostly breath heard through thrumming phone lines and relays. Her wrong number makes her a minor celebrity but she’s unable to identify the voice as the police parade the usual suspects before her ears. Three years pass, the crime mostly forgotten, until she hears the voice once again, the cool dark words as electrical impulses jolting her nightmares. Because she now knows who answered the fatal phone call. 

Seijun Suzuki splits the film in two, much to its detriment. The first half is brilliant, as we experience the story from Asako’s (Yoko Minamida) feminine perspective, a strong-willed woman who isn’t taken seriously because of her gender even though she can delineate over 300 different voices! She’s patronized and diminished and when the narrative jumps forward three years, embedded in a typical patriarchal marriage where she is relegated to servant. Suzuki skirts these social issues and fails to explore them, as Asako assumes her wifely role without much complaint, supporting her husband even as he wiles away the late hours with mahjong with his cohorts. When she hears the voice of her husband’s buddy Hamazaki (Joe Shishido) ciphered through a phone call, she immediately recognizes it. Suzuki relishes in depicting her lurid nightmares as she races down a long hallway, opening doors and always seeing Hamazaki’s leering visage. The first half builds tension as she wants to tell the police but continues to be ridiculed. Only a journalist who covered the original story seems interested. Will she tell her husband? Will Hamazaki find out? Is she the next target? 

Suzuki cuts the film in two, as Asako’s husband stumbles home one rainy night, beaten to a pulp. He has severed ties with Hamazaki and now reveals that he was a courier in a criminal organization, and he has survived a brawl with his employer. However, Hamazaki turns up dead and her husband is arrested for the murder! Suzuki elides the confrontation and now the second half of the film pushes Asako aside and focuses upon the reporter Ishikawa (Hideaki Nitani) and his investigation into her husband’s alibi. He soon suspects that her husband is innocent, and a group of scheming gangsters is responsible, but he must first break their alibis. Suzuki and his DP Kazue Nagatsuka use of rainy streets, low angles, low key lighting, crane and tracking shots is superbly influenced by American film noir tropes. When Suzuki finally depicts the deadly fight elided in the first act, it seems like a violent stage play set amid a sparse set entombed in darkness. His compositions in the coal yards look like a carbonized purgatory. In a neat twist, the denouement relies upon forensic testing, but not of blood or bullets but coal! And he composes a cracked reflection of the terrible triumvirate, forcing Hamazaki to sniff coal dust while they strangle him. Ha! 

Though the second act’s pacing slows the film down and Asako is minimized, the film’s trajectory leads to a happy reunion for the married couple. 

Final Grade: (B)

JOHNNY COOL (William Asher, 1963, USA)

 

Giordano is a child baptized in the bloodshed of the Second World War, but years later as Johnny Cool becomes bewitched by a beautiful femme whose obsession spins like a broken moral compass. Henry Silva as the cool protagonist is mesmerizing with his bravado and charisma, walking through the tempest as a god of war. Like Ares, he is kept in chains by his master, unable (or unwilling) to leave this bondage and assumes a vendetta to kill those who have disrespected his principal. 

The opening scene depicts a young woman being chased by Nazis, and a young boy who witnesses this attempted rape. The precocious lad pulls the pin on the German’s grenade and blows him to smithereens, but the soldier’s cohorts suddenly appear and murder the girl. Gunfire from the mountains reveals the Italian Resistance who save the boy. We soon learn that the woman was his mother. The film’s first act transitions quickly to the present date (1963), where the boy Giordano in now a leader who fights against injustice to support his village. But he is captured by the police and apparently murdered, while in reality he is whisked away to start a new life and identity as hitman Johnny Cool. He must revenge the wrongs done to his mentor, an exiled gangland Godfather Johnny Colini (Marc Lawrence). Death ensues. 

Dare Guinness (Elizabeth Montgomery) falls for Johnny the first moment she sees him pummel a man into unconsciousness. This is love at first punch. She becomes a loyal confidant even as the police throttle her for information as the body count rises and the population of the criminal underworld diminishes. Johnny has no attachment except his mission. He kills by switching suitcases, he guns down his target utilizing a window washing platform, he vaporizes another while his quarry swims with his children nearby. Always suave and in control, Johnny is always one step ahead of his prey. Until Dare dares to sell him out, not out of hatred or profit but out of her own sense of moral obligation. There’s just no future in loving a hitman. 

Even gods are mortal, and Johnny Cool ain’t so chill once he’s sporting a straitjacket, captured by his nemesis in the form of a corporate board of businessmen, the ultimate gangsters. In a nice twist, Elisha Cook, Jr. is one of these suite-wearing overlords who meats out the punishment instead of being consumed by it! Both Johnny’s mission and life are over and incomplete. 

Final Grade: (C+)

UNDERTOW (William Castle, 1949, USA)

 

Tony returns from the Pacific Theatre to fight his own war on American soil. Betrayed by an engagement ring, he’s framed for a murdering his ex-crime boss Big Jim while on his way to make peace with him, the kingpin's niece soon to be Tony’s future femme. This mediocre crime drama relies on trite characterizations and coincidence to complete its final act, and William Castle’s direction is bland and lukewarm. DP Irving Glassberg’s compositions are formulaic, mimicking noir style without deeper expression. 

Tony Reagan (Scott Brady) returns from the Pacific to sign a business contract with his dead buddy’s father, to become business partner in a little fishing lodge outside Reno. Tony was involved with the Chicago Syndicate in the years before the Second World War, but he’s turning over a new leaf. A chance meeting with the ingenue Ann McKnight (Peggy Dow), a Chicago schoolteacher, gives him a friend when he needs one most. Tony is going to marry Sally (Dorothy Hart) but wants Big Jim’s permission before the union. Unfortunately, a fatal conspiracy lands Tony on the lam, and he must rely on both his new friend and his childhood cohort Reckling (Bruce Bennett), a Detective who believes in his innocence. There is little surprise who did the framing, and it doesn’t take a genius to know that the large rock on Sally’s finger is a dead giveaway. It’s frustrating that Tony fails to recognize this sooner! We get a femme fatale, fistfights, shootout, chases, kidnapping and a large black man who takes three slugs point blank before beating his benefactor’s murderer to pulp. This all sounds way more exciting than its execution. 

The acting is mostly dull, as Scott Brady exudes little charisma. The rest of the cast lacks charm or interest, acting as caricatures as opposed to complex people. The exception is Peggy Dow whose naivete and honest beauty is disarming. Even Dorothy Hart as the fatal fiancé isn’t given any juicy scenes or dialogue. The actor’s failure is mostly the fault of a tepid script. 

Of course, it all ends happily ever after for our hero and his new schoolmarm but not so much for Sally and her underhanded beau. 

Final Grade: (C)

THE MAN WHO WASN'T THERE (Joel & Ethan Coen, 2001, USA)

 

Ed Crane is a stranger to his wife, an invisible ghost who haunts his own house, a barber destined to an eternity of cutting hair, which always grows back…even after death. Ed sees his routine dreary future laid out before him: a loveless marriage, a mortgage, a mundane but steady job as second chair, and decides to take his destiny into his own hands. Knowing his wife is having an affair with her boss, he anonymously blackmails “Big Dave” into paying him ten thousand dollars. But things just don’t turn out right for Ed; he accepts his punishment with little remorse, taking full responsibility for his actions, and stoically receives his final judgment. Ed tries to make amends by helping his friend's daughter (the beautiful Scarlett Johansson) to become a piano virtuoso, he wants to make something good happen in the world to balance the misery and death he has wrought, and his intentions are honest and true. 

The Coen brothers capture the 1950s in beautiful black and white cinematography, utilizing stark lighting and period detail that imbue the film with a classic noir façade. But the Coen brothers seem to have contempt for their characters, allowing their quirky style of inane dialogue and absurdity to taint the narrative. Every minor actor works too hard to be unique, every situation is just a bit too foolish, and the plot is just a bit too contrived. When Big Dave’s widow begins to speak of alien abductions and conspiracies, this awful tragedy begins to play like some poorly written abstraction, undermining the serious philosophical issues that could have been explored. Billy Bob Thornton remains impassive, his craggy face a landscape of existential alienation, and it’s his great performance that gives substance to this moral ether. 

Final Grade: (B)

POINT BLANK (John Boorman, 1967, USA)

 

Walker trudges through the shadow of the valley of Death but he fears no evil...because he is the evil. He is a vengeful spirit whose very name implies motion, and though he demands his $93,000 his war is not with a single man, but an ideal. And it’s a war he cannot win. Walker is led by his Virgil, a guide through the fractured maze of his quest, and even this companion proves duplicitous and part of the inner circle of Walker’s Hell. There is no epiphany for our protagonist, only narcissistic justifications as he acknowledges that the people who betrayed him were once his friends, until he descends full circle toward a nihilistic fate and becomes a shadow. Even the film's title is a double entendre, as its meaning refers to very close range or, apropos to the dream-like quality of this tale, a tabula rasa of our protagonist's raison d’etre. 

The plot: Walker (Lee Marvin) is double crossed and shot down, left for dead by his wife and best friend, his $93,000 now forfeit. But he survives and stalks those responsible, seeking monetary reimbursement over retribution but he discovers that those responsible are just cogs in a faceless machine. But did he survive? John Boorman crafts violent poetry, transforming this boilerplate scenario into a spiritual travelogue. He minimizes establishing shots and transitions, utilizing flash-forward and flash-back compositions to disorient and confuse, showing us Walker’s perspective instead of telling us exposition: it’s a puzzle without edge pieces. DP Philip Lathrop’s use of color and shadow is brilliant, a chiaroscuro technicolor nightmare. The sound design and editing also convey the narrative ambiguity, as Walker’s experiences may only be happening in his death dream, as he lies dying in a crumbling prison cell in Alcatraz. 

The acting is first rate as Lee Marvin’s stone-cold stare and explosive outbursts are offset by the peripheral cast, who become the ghosts of his destructive journey. Keenan Wynn as Yost, his mysterious guide, is taciturn and ethereal, appearing without explanation. Angie Dickinson is Chris, Walker’s sister-in-law, a woman of compassion and strength but ultimately helpless to her paramour. In one great scene, she pummels Lee Marvin, slapping his face, pushing and punching his chest, until she falls exhausted to the floor. This scene last nearly a full minute and Lee Marvin doesn’t blink, and Angie Dickinson didn’t pull her punches. Wow. 

Walker’s beginning comes to an end, where his peregrinations were birthed in gunpowder, betrayal and bloodshed. The money delivered like mana from the heavens lies in a circle of light, untouched by Walker as Yost with his deadly henchman offer employment before walking away. His Pyrrhic victory is a fade to black without profit, a purgatory. Is he destined to repeat this performance for eternity? 

Final Grade: (A) 

PLUNDER ROAD (Hubert Cornfield, 1957, USA)

 

Five men discover that it’s easier to commit the perfect crime than it is to get away with it! Hubert Cornfield depicts his characters in motion like obligate ram ventilators, drawing their very essence from the ether of movement. When the characters pause, they begin to suffocate in a thick atmosphere of anxiety and tensions. Legendary DP Ernest Haller lights this rain-soaked noir in low-key, highlighting the rain like piercing arrows completing their arcs, and frames the hardened anxious men in close-up and two-shots, which propels the story as we get emotionally closer to this quintet. 

The opening moments depict the highway's racing white lines as strident music underscores the credits, setting a fast and furious tone. We soon witness two trucks speeding through a rainstorm, with five men heading towards an unknown fate. There is no introduction to these characters as we come into a story that is nearing completion, and we wonder why two of these men sit in the back of a box truck with an unknown substance suspended by springs and pulleys. It obvious this must be nitroglycerin, and they are about to heist some unspoken cargo. They rob a train of ten million dollars in US Mint gold bars, and everything goes perfectly according to plan. But this isn’t the story. The tale is in the getaway and their plan to cross the country in separate trucks full of gold bullion while the entire nation is looking for them! 

Eddie (Gene Raymond) is the hard yet soft spoken leader, a man pulling his first and last robbery. The other gang members include Skeets (Elisha Cook Jr.), Munson (Wayne Morris), Roly (Stafford Repp), and Frankie (Steven Ritch). Eddie’s gal Fran (Jeanne Cooper) ain’t no femme fatale as she an active member who appears in the third act. The film allows minimal exposition of each character, their hopes, fears, and dreams of the big payoff, and the casting is perfect as each seems to be compassionate and humane, even if they have felony rap sheets. When a murder of an innocent witness happens, it’s gut wrenching and done without sadistic pleasure. As they split into three groups to meet in LA, only one group makes it. At least Elisha Cook survives this film! 

Once Eddie and Frankie are in LA, Fran helps them smelt their third of the gold into car parts (hubcaps, bumpers, and such) and then install these parts onto a luxury Cadillac! What a great fucking plan! Sure to get past any checkpoint. But what is their ultimate scheme? Even if they board the boat to Lisbon, how do they convert solid gold to cash without drawing attention? Ultimately, they need not worry long term because the LA Freeway traffic is bumper to bumper. 

Final Grade: (B+) 

STREET OF CHANCE (Jack Hively, 1942, USA)

 

A bruised brain and two blinking eyes set one man’s fate on either the road to salvation or the long, lonely walk towards the death chamber. Director Jack Hively’s work is perfunctory, while the pacing drags a bit as the mystery is slowly revealed. DP Theodor Sparkuhl’s low-key lighting and chiaroscuro compositions, with an excellent crane-shot in the denouement, elevate this above it’s preposterous substratum. The construction of the plot is absurd as our protagonist is a double amnesiac, with no explanation as to how he becomes a new person in the months before the story begins. So, when he’s concussed in the first moments of the film, he reverts back to his original identity. This dude should wear a fucking helmet. 

Burgess Meredith is wonderful with top billing as Frank/Danny, a man whose entire world has seemed to change around him while he’s stayed the same. This skewed perception is played with subtly and intelligence as he attempts to discover why his reality is subverted and deformed. When he returns to his old life from which he has been missing for the last year (unbeknownst to him), he’s chased by gun toting men in dark suits. The setup leads us to believe he’s being chased by gangsters, as if he was a witness in an important trial, but these men turn out to be cops. He’s the wanted man! Nice twist. Of course, he searches for the person he was, and his only clue are the initials DN on his cigarette case. Another grand coincidence brings him into the arms of Ruth Dillon (Claire Trevor) where he learns he’s on the run for murdering her employer. Is he innocent? Even if he committed this murder as Danny Neary (DN), which is after his first brain trauma, is he legally and morally guilty as Frank Thomas? The story doesn’t delve too deeply into these themes but instead focuses on self-discovery and poetic justice. A film that does investigate such philosophical issues is Nagisa Oshima’s DEATH BY HANGING (1968). 

The third act introduces a paralyzed matriarch whom Frank/Danny believes may know the identity of the killer, so he devises a simple yet effective means of communication. But why did he want to return to the scene of the crime since he has no memory of it? The film doesn’t allow Frank to unlock his past with triggers, such as the return of a memory when he visits a particular place or examines a specific item (which would have made more sense). The story is designed to make us believe that the scheming brother of the deceased and the ex-wife, who stand to inherit $250,000, are the masterminds who framed Danny. But blinking eyes and 26 letters reveal the fatale as femme, Danny’s paramour Ruth. As Frank struggles to take her pistol, she’s gut-shot and dies in his arms, while his last words are a lie to appease her departing spirit. But doesn’t anyone know first aide? 

Final Grade: (C+)

THE MAN FROM LONDON (Béla Tarr, 2008, Hungary)

 

Maloin sits upon his dreary tower, his dull pounding monotonous life like the repetitive rumbling of clacking steel thunder, until a suitcase of stolen money offers reprieve from his purgatory existence.

This existential drama unfolds in the shadowy murk of morose close-ups and sullen camera movements, each face reflecting the terrain of life’s harsh temper, each deliberately paced tracking shot a brief revelation of emotional turmoil and angst. Director Béla Tarr deconstructs the Crime/Mystery genre and turns expectations upside-down: he shows us the mundane between the action, closing the viewer out of the physical and only revealing the metaphysical (that is, beyond the senses).

The plot is simple, much like the Coen brother’s masterpiece NO COUNTRY FOR OLD MEN, only Tarr imbues his characters with realistic and empathetic attributes, reveling in their flawed humanity, and the journey becomes an internal inferno, a hellish struggle to live a better life. As Maloin’s family begins to self-destruct from this vicious secret, the thief and police inspector, both hot on his trail, begin to uncover the truth: he knows it’s only a matter of time before the money is discovered in his possession. He learns the source of the stolen money and the thief’s hiding place; instead of some unbelievable action sequence, Tarr shields us from the confrontation, which we expect to be peaceful.

Through a lens darkly we see the world shaded in Tarr’s unbeautifully gritty black and white cinematography, and even in this lost world of pathos a human being can still act morally…and do the right thing. Otherwise, we become animals ruled by greed and instinct, whose path to hell is paved with good intentions.

Final Grade: (B)